| HS Code | 387271 |
| Product Designation | RH-Vi1323 |
| Chemical Type | Vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane |
| Terminal Functional Group | Vinyl (CH=CH2) |
| Appearance | Colorless transparent liquid |
| Odor | Slight characteristic odor |
| Viscosity At 25 C | Approximately 1,000 mPa·s |
| Density At 25 C | Approximately 0.97 g/cm³ |
| Refractive Index At 25 C | Approximately 1.404 |
| Vinyl Content | Approximately 0.23 wt% |
| Flash Point | Greater than 300°C |
| Solubility | Soluble in toluene and xylene; insoluble in water |
As an accredited Vinyl Terminated Silicone Oil RH-Vi1323 factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Vinyl Terminated Silicone Oil RH-Vi1323 is packaged in 25 kg sealed plastic drums for safe storage and transport. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20′ FCL container loaded with Vinyl Terminated Silicone Oil RH-Vi1323 in sealed drums, properly secured for ocean transport. |
| Shipping | Vinyl Terminated Silicone Oil RH-Vi1323 is shipped in sealed, labeled containers under ambient conditions, protected from moisture, heat, freezing, and contamination. It is generally classified as non-hazardous for transport; follow local regulations and the SDS. Avoid direct sunlight and rough handling during shipment. |
| Storage | Store Vinyl Terminated Silicone Oil RH-Vi1323 in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight, heat, sparks, and open flames. Keep containers tightly closed, upright, clearly labeled, and protected from moisture and contamination. Avoid contact with strong oxidizing agents. Maintain recommended ambient storage temperature and use appropriate PPE when handling. Inspect containers regularly for leaks or damage. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is typically 12 months in unopened original containers, stored cool, dry, well-ventilated, and protected from direct sunlight. |
In platinum-catalysed addition-cure liquid silicone rubber processed on high-speed injection lines for short-term patient-contact components, RH-Vi1323 is charged as the vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane base fluid. The terminal dimethylvinylsiloxy substituents provide controlled hydrosilylation sites with methylhydrogensiloxane crosslinkers, while the linear siloxane backbone governs the uncured flow profile in cooled runner systems. A baseline production formulation combines 100 parts RH-Vi1323, 2.8–3.6 parts polymethylhydrogensiloxane with 0.18–0.26 wt% Si–H, 5–10 ppm platinum as Karstedt catalyst, and 0.03–0.08 wt% 1-ethynyl-1-cyclohexanol inhibitor. The Si–H:Si–Vi molar ratio is maintained at 1.4–1.8:1 to reduce unreacted hydride residues while preserving tear resistance in thin-walled demolding sections. The mixed compound is fed through an inline static mixer with 24–32 elements into a cooled injection barrel held at 18–25°C. Injection into a closed mold at 130–180°C with clamp force of 1,500–2,500 kN yields demold times of 15–45 s for part thicknesses from 2–6 mm. Vulcanization kinetics are strongly mold-temperature dependent; reducing mold temperature from 170°C to 150°C typically extends cure time by 35–50%. First-stage cure is monitored by residual hydride disappearance via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy near 2160 cm⁻¹; a persistent surface peak indicates inhibitor migration from condensation moisture on the mold surface. After demolding, a forced-air post-cure at 150–200°C for 2–4 h lowers volatile cyclic siloxane content below 0.5 wt%. Hardness measured under ASTM D2240 falls between 45 Shore A and 65 Shore A, tensile strength under ISO 37 ranges from 7 MPa to 10 MPa, and elongation at break exceeds 350%. Extracts prepared according to ISO 10993-12 are evaluated for cytotoxicity under ISO 10993-5. Formulations for repeated food-contact seals require post-cure and extraction to comply with FDA 21 CFR 177.2600. Production lines in tropical packaging rooms require feed-air dew point below −30°C; moisture above 200 ppm in the silicone oil or filler surface can cause premature catalyst inhibition and inconsistent first-stage cure in thin-wall regions.
| Si–H:Si–Vi molar ratio | Hardness per ASTM D2240 | Tensile strength per ISO 37 | Elongation at break per ISO 37 | Demold time at 160°C |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.2 | 48 Shore A | 8.5 MPa | 420% | 32 s |
| 1.5 | 54 Shore A | 9.0 MPa | 390% | 26 s |
| 1.8 | 60 Shore A | 9.6 MPa | 355% | 21 s |
The operating boundary for silicone elastomer in turbocharger air ducting is defined by continuous hot-air exposure between 150°C and 210°C combined with cyclic crankcase oil splash and vibration. In high-consistency silicone rubber, RH-Vi1323 is used as a reactive plasticizer that lowers compound Mooney viscosity without generating extractable mineral-oil plasticizer residues that would increase compression set after hot-oil aging. A two-roll mill formula charges 100 parts methylvinyl silicone gum, 35–55 parts fumed silica with BET surface area 150–250 m²/g, 8–12 parts RH-Vi1323, 3.2–4.0 parts hydride-functional silicone crosslinker, and 0.15–0.25 parts platinum catalyst masterbatch. Milling on a 300 mm two-roll mill at 20–40°C for 15–25 min disperses the silica without activating the platinum prematurely. Batch-to-batch variance in fumed silica moisture content above 0.8 wt% shifts the scorch time by more than 40%; incoming silica is therefore pre-dried at 150°C for 2 h when storage humidity exceeds 60% RH. The catalyzed stock is compression molded at 170°C under 15–20 MPa for 8–12 min, then post-cured at 200°C for 4 h in a forced-air oven. Compression set tested by ASTM D395 Method B after 25% compression at 150°C for 70 h remains below 20%. Tensile strength measured under ISO 37 is 8–11 MPa, and elongation at break is 300–500%. Hot-air aging per ISO 188 at 200°C for 168 h typically produces hardness change of +3 Shore A to +7 Shore A. The main processing bottleneck occurs when carbon-black-contaminated EPDM stock shares the same mill; sulfur compounds decrease platinum activity and cause variable cure at the hose inner wall. A separate mill or a 0.5–1.0 mm high-shear refining pass between batches is required. Long-term exposure to acidic condensate with pH below 4 can cleave siloxane bonds at the inner liner; intercooler outlet hoses therefore require a fluoroelastomer inner layer rather than a pure silicone construction.
High-speed solventless release coating above 300 m/min uses RH-Vi1323 blended with a branched vinyl-functional silicone polymer and a hydride-functional crosslinker to produce a low-viscosity coating bath without organic solvent. The cured layer must balance low peel force against the pressure-sensitive adhesive with high subsequent adhesion and low silicone transfer to the adhesive. A representative coating formulation contains 100 parts vinyl-functional silicone blend, 3–5 parts polymethylhydrogensiloxane with Si–H content 0.3–0.6 wt%, 80–120 ppm platinum, and 0.02–0.06 wt% ethynyl cyclohexanol inhibitor. The Si–H:Si–Vi molar ratio is held between 1.2 and 1.6 to control cure speed and release stability. Coating is applied by a five-roll offset gravure system at 0.8–1.6 g/m²; the web travels through a 7–9 m forced-convection oven at 150–180°C with dwell of 2–4 s. Cure completeness is verified by extractable silicone content below 3% according to FINAT FTM 12 or TAPPI T 499. Release force at 180° peel and 300 mm/min is adjustable from 8 cN/25 mm to 30 cN/25 mm under FINAT FTM 4; subsequent adhesion under FINAT FTM 3 remains above 80% of the uncoated control. Migration kinetics are controlled by the density of the crosslinked network; insufficient Si–H leads to free silicone fluid that transfers to the adhesive and lowers loop tack. In a 70% RH coating room, adsorbed water on film substrates can inhibit platinum cure at the interface, producing an uncured layer below the surface-cured skin. Preheating polyester film to 40–50°C immediately before coating is required when the release layer weight is below 1.0 g/m². The following table lists representative release force responses to Si–H:Si–Vi ratio adjustments at a fixed coating weight.
| Si–H:Si–Vi ratio | Extractables per FINAT FTM 12 | Release force per FINAT FTM 4 | Subsequent adhesion per FINAT FTM 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.2 | 2.8% | 12 cN/25 mm | 84% |
| 1.4 | 1.9% | 18 cN/25 mm | 87% |
| 1.6 | 1.4% | 25 cN/25 mm | 89% |
In transfer-molded power module packages, the replacement of a non-reactive polydimethylsiloxane process fluid with RH-Vi1323 alters crosslink density at the interface between the cured silicone encapsulant and the wire-bonded semiconductor. The resulting encapsulant must provide dielectric strength, thermal conductivity, and sufficient low-modulus compliance to avoid wire-bond shear failure during thermal cycling. A thermally conductive formulation charges 100 parts RH-Vi1323, 60–80 parts spherical alumina with median particle size 5–10 µm, 10–20 parts boron nitride platelets with 10–15 µm lateral size, 4–6 parts hydride crosslinker, 5–10 ppm platinum, and 0.5–1.5 parts methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane adhesion promoter. The mixture is degassed under 10–50 mbar for 10–15 min, dispensed into a preheated mold at 100–120°C, cured for 30–60 min, and post-cured at 150°C for 2 h. Dielectric strength under IEC 60243-1 typically exceeds 18 kV/mm for cured slabs of 2 mm thickness. Thermal conductivity after filler packing reaches 0.9–1.3 W/(m·K), hardness is 50–70 Shore A per ASTM D2240, and coefficient of linear thermal expansion measured by thermomechanical analysis remains 220–300 ppm/K. The high CTE imposes a processing boundary for modules with 250 µm aluminum wire bonds. Under cyclic thermal shock per IEC 60068-2-14 from −40°C to 150°C, wire lift can occur when the encapsulant modulus at −40°C exceeds 5 MPa. Low-modulus formulations with reduced filler loading reduce thermal conductivity below 0.8 W/(m·K); modules with 0.3–0.5 mm bond loop height tolerate the trade-off, while high-density modules with 0.15 mm loop height require a lower-expansion filler system. Published data for this specific combination with RH-Vi1323 remains limited for long-term partial discharge behavior, so corona testing under IEC 60343 is required before qualifying encapsulated power cycles above 1 kV.
Vacuum casting of polyurethane prototype parts requires a room-temperature addition-cure silicone mold that retains dimensional accuracy over 30–60 casting cycles. RH-Vi1323 functions as the base polymer in molds that must reproduce fine surface textures while resisting tear propagation at the parting line during repeated demolding. A typical mold compound combines 100 parts RH-Vi1323, 25–40 parts fumed silica treated with hexamethyldisilazane, 5–10 parts non-reactive silicone oil plasticizer, 6–9 parts hydride crosslinker, 10–15 ppm platinum, and 0.01–0.03 wt% 1-ethynyl-1-cyclohexanol. Mixing is performed in a planetary mixer under vacuum at 5–10 mbar to eliminate entrapped air; the mixture is poured over the master pattern inside a vacuum chamber at 10–20 mbar and cured at 23°C for 16–24 h. Vacuum casting machines with chamber evacuation below 20 mbar are required for patterns with deep grooves below 1 mm width; entrapped air at the pattern surface produces voids that telegraph to the polyurethane casting as positive defects. The cured mold exhibits hardness of 25–35 Shore A per ASTM D2240, tear strength of 25–35 kN/m per ASTM D624, and elongation of 400–600% per ISO 37. Dimensional stability is checked by measuring a 100 mm reference feature before and after 30 casting cycles; linear shrinkage below 0.3% is typical when the mold is conditioned at 23°C and 50% RH for 24 h before first use. Process limitations arise when casting amine-cured polyurethane systems; residual amine on the mold surface can poison the platinum catalyst and produce tacky surfaces on subsequent silicone repairs. A barrier coat of polyvinyl alcohol or a post-cure at 80°C for 2 h delays inhibition but does not prevent it after long runs with amine-rich resins. Mold release agents based on silicone oil in hydrocarbon carriers are compatible; fluorinated release agents can reduce edge tear resistance when applied at thicknesses above 5 µm.
For optoelectronic assemblies with edge-emitting laser diodes, the encapsulant must remain below Shore 000 hardness while absorbing mechanical energy without delaminating from indium tin oxide surfaces. RH-Vi1323 is formulated into a low-hardness silicone gel by reducing the hydride-to-vinyl ratio well below the stoichiometric level. A low-crosslink-density gel formula charges 100 parts RH-Vi1323, 0.6–1.0 part hydride crosslinker, 2–5 ppm platinum, and 0.1–0.3 part phenyl-modified adhesion promoter. The Si–H:Si–Vi molar ratio is deliberately held at 0.7–1.0:1 to leave free vinyl groups at the gel–substrate interface for covalent bonding to surface silanol species. The mixture is degassed under 5–15 mbar and dispensed through a 0.45 µm filter into the lens housing; cure proceeds at 60°C for 30 min, then 100°C for 60 min. Dispensing needle inner diameter is selected between 0.20 mm and 0.35 mm to limit shear heat generation below 30°C at shot volumes under 0.5 mL. Cone penetration measured with a 1/4-scale penetrometer is 8–15 mm. Refractive index at 25°C is 1.40–1.41, and light transmittance through 2 mm thickness exceeds 95% under ISO 13468-2. Above 85°C, cyclic shear can induce oil bleed at the gel–substrate interface; accelerated aging under IEC 60068-2-2 at 100°C for 500 h typically produces 1–2% weight loss from low-molecular-weight siloxane fractions. In lens assemblies with 50 µm bondline thickness, the low modulus produces negligible stress on the glass lens; however, edge-emitting laser diodes require a 0.5–1.0 mm clearance between the gel meniscus and the emitting facet to avoid optical path distortion. Published data for this specific configuration with RH-Vi1323 is limited, so optical power stability under IEC 60068-2-14 thermal cycling must be evaluated on production-grade lenses before serial use.
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Vinyl Terminated Silicone Oil RH-Vi1323 is a linear vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane supplied as a solvent-free, colourless to pale-yellow liquid. The terminal dimethylvinylsiloxy group at each chain end provides an addition-cure site for platinum-catalyzed hydrosilylation; the product is therefore a reactive base polymer rather than a non-functional plasticizer. Typical batch values recorded at 25 °C include a dynamic viscosity of 20,000 mPa·s and a vinyl content of 0.11 mmol/g. The product corresponds to CAS 68083-19-2 and comprises a linear [Si(CH₃)₂O]ₙ repeat unit terminated with CH₂=CH-Si(CH₃)₂O— groups. Because the vinyl functionality is located exclusively at the chain termini, RH-Vi1323 participates in chain extension and crosslinking without introducing the dense pendant reactive sites characteristic of vinylmethylsiloxane copolymers.
Vinyl concentration, residual water content, and molecular weight distribution jointly control the hydrosilylation reaction rate and final network regularity. For RH-Vi1323, vinyl concentration is determined by iodometric titration after dilution in chloroform, with a typical batch reproducibility of ±0.005 mmol/g. The value must be paired with residual moisture because water acts as a mild catalyst poison for platinum complexes. Karl Fischer titration according to DIN 51777 normally yields a moisture content under 150 ppm in freshly opened drums. Volatile content is maintained below 1.0 wt% after 105 °C for 3 h using ISO 3251; higher volatile fractions reduce gel time and increase porosity in thick-section cure. Molecular weight distribution is monitored by gel permeation chromatography in tetrahydrofuran against polystyrene standards, with a polydispersity index below 1.3. A broader distribution shifts the gel point toward higher Si-H consumption and lowers tensile modulus because short chains contribute more chain ends per unit mass.
Because terminal vinyl groups control the network topology, batch acceptance should include both vinyl content and viscosity. A viscosity drift above ±10% from nominal often indicates depolymerization or equilibration reversion during storage; a vinyl content drop below 0.09 mmol/g reduces the maximum attainable tensile strength in a formulation with fixed Si-H loading. These two measurements are therefore not interchangeable and should be read together on the certificate of analysis.
| Parameter | Analytical procedure | Typical value |
|---|---|---|
| Appearance at 25 °C | visual inspection | colourless transparent liquid |
| Colour, APHA | ASTM D1209 | 10 max |
| Dynamic viscosity at 25 °C | ISO 3219 / DIN 53019 | 20,000 mPa·s |
| Vinyl content | internal iodometric titration | 0.11 mmol/g |
| Volatile content | ISO 3251 | 0.8 wt% max |
| Moisture | DIN 51777 | 150 ppm max |
| Specific gravity at 25 °C | ISO 2811-1 | 0.975 |
| Refractive index nD25 | ASTM D1218 | 1.403 |
In platinum-catalyzed liquid silicone rubber compounding, RH-Vi1323 is metered at 25 ± 5 °C using progressing-cavity pumps. The 20,000 mPa·s viscosity permits fumed silica loading up to 30 wt% before static mixer pressure drop exceeds 8 bar at 100 L/h throughput in a DN25 line. At 35 wt% filler, the yield stress increases sharply and the compound may not flow through a static mixer without line pressure above 12 bar; this boundary defines the practical upper filler loading for standard metering equipment. Milled silica with hexamethyldisilazane surface treatment is preferred because untreated silanol groups adsorb platinum and retard cure. The Si-H:Si-Vi ratio is typically held between 1.0 and 1.3 to compensate for adventitious moisture and radical side reactions.
Metering precision is influenced by the nearly Newtonian behaviour of the neat fluid. Capillary rheometry at 25 °C and 100 s⁻¹ shows a viscosity near 19.8 Pa·s, while at 1,000 s⁻¹ the value drops by less than 5%. Filled systems, however, develop a Casson yield stress below 50 Pa at 20 wt% treated silica. These rheological properties are measured by rotational viscometry with cone-plate geometry according to ISO 3219.
When the same formulation is compounded on a twin-screw extruder with an L/D of 40 and screw speed of 300 min⁻¹, the specific energy input during silica incorporation is typically 0.12 kWh/kg. At filler loadings above 25 wt%, the mass temperature may exceed 80 °C unless barrel cooling is controlled; this is significant because premature hydrosilylation can occur if the platinum catalyst and Si-H crosslinker are added before the dispersion zone. In production practice, a split feeding strategy is used: the vinyl polymer and silica are dispersed first, and the catalyst is injected downstream either in a static mixer or in a short second compounding pass. Premature crosslinking in the barrel appears as a rapid torque rise and localized brownish gel particles; the compound is then unusable for injection molding.
Condensation-cure polydimethylsiloxane systems release volatile by-products during cure, typically methanol, ethanol, or acetic acid depending on the end-group and crosslinker system. RH-Vi1323 cures by platinum-catalyzed hydrosilylation without generating condensation by-products; deep-section cure does not require atmospheric moisture diffusion, and linear mould shrinkage is typically below 0.4% in unfilled sheets. The absence of a tin catalyst is relevant where organotin compounds are excluded under REACH and where tin-induced siloxane equilibration at high temperature is undesirable.
Replacement of a hydroxy-terminated siloxane with RH-Vi1323 requires reformulation because the condensation-cure filler package often contains basic materials that poison platinum. Calcium carbonate and precipitated silica with high silanol content are known to reduce hydrosilylation cure rate; neutral or acid-treated fillers are required. In addition, condensation-cure mixing residues such as tin carboxylates can remain in shared vessels and produce erratic gel times in platinum-cured compounds. Equipment previously used for tin-catalyzed materials should be flushed with a non-functional silicone fluid and inspected before RH-Vi1323 is introduced.
For injection molding with RH-Vi1323-based liquid silicone rubber, mould temperatures of 120 °C to 180 °C are common. The lower end is used for thick sections to avoid scorch, while the upper end is selected for thin-wall parts with sub-10 s cycle times. Clamp force requirements scale with cavity projection area and flash-free mould design; typical LSR moulds require parting-line pressures above 50 MPa. The low viscosity of the catalyzed compound before cure permits filling of microfeatures with depths below 10 µm at injection pressures below 200 bar; however, flashing occurs if the mould is not sealed at the parting line. Spiral flow testing is required for mould design because ISO 3219 rheological data do not directly predict injection behaviour.
For high-voltage encapsulation, the fluid is degassed at 2 to 10 mbar absolute pressure before casting; trapped air otherwise forms voids that reduce dielectric strength. The cured network can be assessed under ASTM D257 for volume resistivity and IEC 60243-1 for dielectric strength, but final values depend on filler purity and moisture exclusion. For medical device components, the cured elastomer can be evaluated according to ISO 10993-5 and USP Class VI protocols; the base polymer is not inherently certified and must be validated in the final cured article.
For optically clear encapsulation grades, RH-Vi1323 is sometimes blended with methyl-terminated PDMS to adjust refractive index, but the reactive content must be controlled. If the non-reactive diluent concentration exceeds 10 wt%, migration to the interface can reduce adhesion to the substrate and create a silicone oil film on the cured surface. Adhesion to metal and glass is improved by incorporating organofunctional silanes such as glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane at 0.5 wt% to 1.0 wt%; these silanes are moisture-sensitive and should be added after the filler is dehydrated. Failure to control moisture during silane addition produces oligomeric siloxane haze and variable adhesion.
Continuous service at 200 °C in air can cause embrittlement and depolymerization of vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane networks, especially in the presence of residual base or tin residues. Thermogravimetric analysis under nitrogen shows onset of main degradation above 350 °C; in air, oxidative radical attack reduces the threshold. The product should therefore be used below 180 °C continuous service unless a proprietary heat-stabilizer package is added and validated. Thermal aging at 200 °C for 168 h under ISO 188 can reduce elongation at break by more than 40% unless the formulation contains iron oxide or cerium oxide heat stabilizers. At 150 °C, stabilized formulations may retain useful properties for 1,000 h; published data specific to RH-Vi1323 are limited, and the stated envelope reflects terminal vinyl PDMS fluids of equivalent viscosity.
Operational boundaries include avoidance of amine-containing additives, acetylene-containing stabilizers, and sulfur-containing compounding ingredients. These species can inhibit the Karstedt catalyst or produce premature gelation at ambient temperature. The product should not be processed in equipment previously used for condensation-cure tin-catalyzed compounds without thorough cleaning, because tributyltin residues can induce drift in hydrosilylation cure. Storage under dry nitrogen at 5 °C to 30 °C is recommended; partially used drums should be blanketed with 0.1 bar to 0.3 bar nitrogen to exclude moisture ingress. Under these conditions, the product remains usable for 12 months from the date of manufacture when unopened.
Within a vinyl-terminated silicone oil series, lower-viscosity grades such as 500 mPa·s or 5,000 mPa·s fluids function as reactive diluents and reduce modulus, but they increase crosslink density and shrinkage. RH-Vi1323 at 20,000 mPa·s provides a higher molecular weight between crosslinks, which typically reduces cure shrinkage and improves elongation, but raises mixing torque in high-solids formulations. Selection among vinyl-terminated fluids is therefore governed by the target hardness and the maximum allowable compound viscosity for the specific dispensing equipment.
Unlike poly(dimethylsiloxane-co-methylvinylsiloxane) with pendant vinyl groups, RH-Vi1323 cannot create the dense crosslink mesh required for high tear strength or compression-set-resistant gaskets. The terminal architecture instead favours low hardness, high elongation, and low modulus. Reinforced cured rubbers based on terminal vinyl fluids typically display compression set values of 20% to 30% after 22 h at 175 °C under ISO 815, whereas pendant vinyl systems may display lower compression set due to higher crosslink density. Published direct comparative data for RH-Vi1323 are limited; the range should be treated as an expected design window rather than a contractual value.
In release coating applications, RH-Vi1323 functions as a controlled release force modifier. Coating formulations are typically diluted with heptane or xylene to 10% to 20% solids before application; release force is adjusted by vinyl content and Si-H:Si-Vi ratio and measured according to FINAT 10. Lower vinyl content yields a less tightly crosslinked network and higher release force, while a terminal vinyl fluid provides better anchorage than a methyl-terminated oil. The 20,000 mPa·s viscosity is too high for direct gravure roll coating without solvent dilution or a heated coating head; solventless applications are therefore limited to offset or heated transfer-roll coating units.
Compared with phenyl-terminated silicone oils of similar viscosity, RH-Vi1323 offers lower refractive index and lower solvent compatibility. The aromatic phenyl group raises refractive index above 1.50 and improves compatibility with organic resins; RH-Vi1323 has a refractive index near 1.403 and remains aliphatic. Compared with fluorosilicone fluids, RH-Vi1323 does not provide fuel or solvent resistance and should not be used where ASTM D471 immersion in aggressive solvents is required. Its density is also lower than fluorosilicone grades, which are typically above 1.2 g/cm³.
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