| HS Code | 734059 |
| Productname | Agricultural Silicone Spreading and Penetrating Agent RH-209 |
| Appearance | Colorless to light amber transparent liquid |
| Chemicaltype | Polyether-modified trisiloxane |
| Activecontent | ≥99% |
| Ionicity | Nonionic |
| Ph | 6.0-8.0 (1% aqueous solution) |
| Viscosity | 20-50 mPa·s (25°C) |
| Density | 1.00-1.05 g/cm³ (25°C) |
| Surfacetension | ≤21 mN/m (0.1% aqueous solution) |
| Cloudpoint | 35-45°C (1% aqueous solution) |
| Solubility | Soluble in water |
| Flashpoint | >100°C |
| Watercontent | ≤0.5% |
| Shelflife | 24 months |
| Storage | Store in a cool, dry, ventilated place, avoid direct sunlight |
As an accredited Agricultural Silicone Spreading and Penetrating Agent RH-209 factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Agricultural Silicone Spreading and Penetrating Agent RH-209 is packaged in 25 kg plastic drums with sealed inner liners for safe storage and transport. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | RH-209 agricultural silicone spreading and penetrating agent loaded in a 20′ FCL container, securely packed for safe export shipment. |
| Shipping | RH-209 is typically shipped in sealed plastic drums or IBC totes as a non-hazardous liquid. Transport and store in a cool, dry, ventilated area, away from freezing, direct sunlight, and strong oxidizers. Keep containers intact, labeled, and follow local regulations and the SDS. |
| Storage | Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight, heat, sparks, and open flames. Keep containers tightly closed when not in use and protect from freezing and physical damage. Maintain segregation from strong acids, alkalis, and oxidizing agents. Use appropriate secondary containment to prevent leaks. Observe local regulations and label instructions. Keep out of reach of children and unauthorized persons. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is typically 24 months from manufacture when kept unopened in original packaging, stored cool, dry, and away from direct sunlight. |
In broadacre post-emergence herbicide applications where ammonium sulfate is co-loaded at 2.5% w/v into the spray tank, the spray solution ionic strength can exceed 0.5 mol/L when potassium or dimethylamine salt forms of glyphosate, dicamba, or 2,4-D are used at label rates. RH-209 is introduced at 0.025%–0.1% v/v of the final spray volume after AMS dissolution and before herbicide concentrate injection; this sequence prevents direct contact between the undiluted siloxane and concentrated AMS that can generate salting-out and localized phase separation. Field sprayers typically operate at 3–5 bar through air-induced flat fan nozzles such as 11004 or 11005 at 140–200 L/ha, and the resulting spray mixture is transferred without additional mixing equipment beyond the induction bowl and centrifugal pump. The relevant inert tolerance for in-can use in the United States is 40 CFR 180.910; tank-mix adjuvants fall under FIFRA 40 CFR Part 158 labeling and composition requirements, and in the European Union under Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009, Article 27 for adjuvant authorization. Surface tension of diluted spray water can be checked by OECD Test No. 115 or ASTM D1331-20; when equilibrium surface tension drops below 25 mN/m, wetting and stomatal infiltration increase, but a low-volume output below 100 L/ha can increase run-off risk on waxy broadleaf species. Recommended terminal formats include co-packed adjuvant sachets with 450 g a.e./L glyphosate potassium SL, 480 g/L dicamba DMA SL, and 280 g/L glufosinate-ammonium SL; the adjuvant is not recommended for direct formulation into dry AMS bulk unless the granular carrier is pre-dried to <1% moisture because liquid RH-209 can cause caking during storage.
Production-scale horizontal bead mills processing high-load aqueous suspension concentrates exhibit a viscosity excursion when RH-209 is dosed above the defined wetting window because the organosilicone can entrain microfoam under high shear. RH-209 is incorporated into the premix at 2.0–3.0 wt% of the total formulation mass. At this loading, the siloxane reduces solid-liquid interfacial tension at the surface of hydrophobic azoxystrobin, tebuconazole, or chlorantraniliprole crystals, allowing a reduction in primary anionic dispersant dosage that would otherwise raise mill-base viscosity above 1,200 mPa·s at 20 s−1. The production sequence uses a high-shear rotor-stator premixer at 4,000 rpm for 20–30 min; the slurry then passes through a horizontal bead mill operating with 0.6–0.8 mm yttria-stabilized zirconia beads at 70–80% chamber fill, 8–12 m/s tip speed, and jacket temperature 35–40 °C. At doses above 3.0 wt%, persistent foam formation—measurable as more than 25 mL in CIPAC MT 47.0—raises batch-to-batch milling pressure fluctuations and traps air in the mill chamber, which reduces the effective shear transmitted to particle surfaces and can move the D50 from the 1.8–2.2 µm target band to 2.4–2.8 µm when measured by ISO 13320:2020. The batch is then held in a vacuum de-aeration vessel at -0.8 bar for 30 min before letdown; if foam persists, a silicone-free defoamer is added at 0.1–0.3 wt% rather than increasing RH-209 further. Suspension stability is evaluated by CIPAC MT 184 for sedimentation and CIPAC MT 47.0 for foam, while equilibrium surface tension is checked according to OECD Test No. 115. Terminal product types include 250 g/L azoxystrobin SC, 240 g/L tebuconazole SC, 200 g/L chlorantraniliprole SC, and 480 g/L difenoconazole SC.
For water-dispersible granule and wettable powder lines processing sulfonylurea, triazine, or urea-class active ingredients, the formulation challenge is not bulk wetting alone but controlled rewetting after dry storage and granulation. RH-209 is adsorbed onto precipitated silica at a 1:2 liquid-to-carrier ratio before entering the ribbon blender; the final dry blend contains 0.5–1.5% w/w RH-209. This adsorption step prevents free liquid silicone from creating sticky dead spots in the mill feed hopper and reduces variability during continuous blending. The blended powder is jet-milled at 6–8 bar compressed air to a D50 below 5 µm, then rehydrated with 12–16% water in a twin-screw extruder with an L/D 16:1 barrel configuration and die-face temperature 40–50 °C. Extruded granules are dried in a fluidized-bed dryer at 55–60 °C to a residual moisture below 1.5%. Wettability of the finished granule is measured by CIPAC MT 53.3; the target wetting time is below 60 s in hard water at 342 ppm calcium hardness. Dispersibility is checked by CIPAC MT 174 or the older CIPAC MT 75.3 method. Overdosing above 1.5% w/w increases granule tack, reduces attrition resistance in pan granulation, and can delay disintegration beyond 120 s. Terminal dry products include 75% sulfonylurea WDG, 80% diuron WDG, 50% atrazine WP, and 60% metsulfuron-methyl WDG; these are packed in water-soluble PVA film bags or aluminum-foil-lined pouches to prevent moisture ingress.
Liquid foliar fertilizers carrying manganese, zinc, and iron chelates in high ionic strength solution are chemically distinct from pesticide spray tanks because the dissolved salt load can exceed 350 g/L and pH buffering is typically maintained at 5.5–6.5. RH-209 is added at 0.05–0.2% w/w to the finished liquid fertilizer during the final polishing step after chelation and filtration, and the field dilution is set at 0.02–0.05% v/v. The production process uses a high-shear disperser at 1,500–2,500 rpm to incorporate RH-209 without exceeding a vortex depth that would entrain air; the liquid is then transferred through a 20 µm bag filter into HDPE or fluorinated HDPE drums. Regulatory compliance for the EU market is anchored to Regulation (EU) 2019/1009 and its annexes governing fertilising product safety, while export shipments into North America follow state fertilizer registration requirements and AOAC methods for metal content. Because high electrolyte matrices can reduce the cloud point of nonionic organosilicone surfactants, a 24-h storage stability test at 0 °C and 54 °C according to CIPAC MT 39 is required before finalization; published data for RH-209 in this specific electrolyte matrix is limited, so formulators should not assume full compatibility above 400 g/L total dissolved solids. Terminal product types include 6% Mn-Zn foliar liquid, 3% Fe DTPA foliar concentrate, and water-soluble powder fertilizers for dilution at 1–3 kg/ha.
| Downstream scenario | Primary compliance anchor | Measurement method | RH-209 addition range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Herbicide tank mix with AMS | 40 CFR 180.910; Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009, Article 27 | OECD Test No. 115; ASTM D1331-20 | 0.025–0.1% v/v |
| Aqueous suspension concentrate milling | CIPAC MT 47.0; ISO 13320:2020 | CIPAC MT 184; OECD Test No. 115 | 2.0–3.0 wt% |
| WDG and WP dry formulation lines | CIPAC MT 53.3 | CIPAC MT 174; CIPAC MT 75.3 | 0.5–1.5% w/w |
| Foliar micronutrient liquids | Regulation (EU) 2019/1009 | CIPAC MT 39; AOAC metal methods | 0.05–0.2% w/w formulation; 0.02–0.05% v/v field |
Because a low spray volume of 2–5 L/ha shortens droplet lifetime during aerial application over dense Oryza sativa, sugarcane, or silvicultural canopies, the application window prohibits VMD below 150 µm. RH-209 is used at 0.05–0.1% v/v of the ULV spray solution, but the addition must not be made to rotary atomizer sprays without an evaporation-control oil or humectant because the siloxane can increase the number of fine droplets below 100 µm under high rotational speed. Agricultural aircraft fitted with rotary atomizers at 1,800–2,200 rpm and flow rates of 0.8–1.2 L/min require droplet-size verification by laser diffraction under ISO 13320:2020 or phase-Doppler anemometry. Drift potential is assessed by ISO 22856:2008 wind-tunnel methods; application is suspended when wind speed exceeds 4 m/s or relative humidity falls below 40%. Regulatory guidance for aerial application is drawn from FAO/WHO guidelines for aerial application of pesticides and national aviation authority operational rules; tank-mix adjuvant use must meet 40 CFR Part 158 data requirements when the spray mix is sold as a complete package. Terminal uses include insect growth regulator ULV formulations, oil-based larvicide concentrates diluted to 2–5 L/ha, and closed-transfer aerial mixes for forestry and rice pest control.
Across commercial seed treating lines, particularly continuous rotary seed treatment drums with bowl-type atomizers, highly transient shear conditions create a narrow addition band for organosilicone wetting agents. RH-209 is added to seed treatment flowable concentrate formulations at 0.1–0.5% w/w, after the film-forming polymer and before the final water adjustment, to avoid a viscosity increase that can block the slurry pump or reduce transfer through 100 µm in-line filters. The slurry is prepared in a jacketed shear tank at 500–1,500 rpm and 20–25 °C; it is then metered onto seed at 0.2–0.5 mL/kg seed through a positive-displacement pump. Seed coverage is checked with a fluorescent tracer such as rhodamine B under UV illumination; a coverage above 95% is required before bagging. Phytotoxicity risk is evaluated by OECD Test No. 208 seedling emergence and growth, and germination percentage is compared against an untreated control according to ISTA methods. Overdosing above 0.5% w/w in the slurry increases the risk of delayed germination and reduced root length, particularly in canola and soybean lots with seed moisture above 9%. Terminal product types include canola FS, soybean FS, wheat FS, and rice FS seed treatment packages; each is supplied with a closed-slurry transfer system to prevent worker exposure.
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Agricultural Silicone Spreading and Penetrating Agent RH-209 is supplied as a 100% active nonionic liquid based on a polyether-modified trisiloxane backbone. The product is designed for tank-mix dilution with water-dispersible granules, suspension concentrates, emulsifiable concentrates, and soluble liquid formulations. The primary technical function is to reduce dynamic surface tension below 23 mN/m at a use concentration of 0.1% v/v, measured by ASTM D1331-14 with a Krüss K100 Wilhelmy plate tensiometer at 25 °C. Typical specification values include density 1.02–1.05 g/cm³ at 20 °C by ASTM D4052-22, kinematic viscosity 30–60 mm²/s at 25 °C by ASTM D445-21, and pH 6.0–8.0 in a 1% aqueous dispersion by ASTM E70-19. The cloud point of the 1% aqueous dilution is 40–70 °C by ASTM D2024-09. At 100 ms bubble lifetime, the dynamic surface tension of a 0.1% v/v dilution is 24–27 mN/m by maximum bubble pressure tensiometry, which allows rapid wetting on fast-moving spray droplets that have contact times below 200 ms on waxy leaf surfaces. Planned addition rates are 0.05–0.2% v/v; the lower limit is used in aerial applications with total spray volume 20–50 L/ha, and the upper limit is used in high-evaporation ground applications with spray volume 100–300 L/ha. In orchard air-blast sprayers above 500 L/ha, the concentration should not exceed 0.15% v/v unless target-cultivar phytotoxicity screening has been completed. RH-209 is not an emulsifier. It is introduced after the spray tank is filled to 50% of final volume with agitation running and before addition of the pesticide concentrate.
| Parameter | Method | Specification limit | Typical batch value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Appearance | Visual inspection | Clear to slightly turbid liquid | Clear liquid |
| Density at 20 °C | ASTM D4052-22 | 1.02–1.05 g/cm³ | 1.03 g/cm³ |
| Kinematic viscosity at 25 °C | ASTM D445-21 | 30–60 mm²/s | 42 mm²/s |
| pH in 1% aqueous dispersion | ASTM E70-19 | 6.0–8.0 | 7.0 |
| Cloud point of 1% dilution | ASTM D2024-09 | 40–70 °C | 63 °C |
| Equilibrium surface tension at 0.1% v/v | ASTM D1331-14 | 20.5–22.5 mN/m | 21.4 mN/m |
| Dynamic surface tension at 100 ms | ASTM D3825-90 | 24–27 mN/m | 25.2 mN/m |
| Flash point | ASTM D93-20 | Above 100 °C | 112 °C |
Batch release is performed against these limits. The dynamic surface tension limit at 100 ms is critical because droplet contact time is short; a product that meets equilibrium surface tension but fails the fast-bubble limit will not spread quickly enough in high-speed aerial or blast sprayer application.
Alcohol ethoxylate wetting agents typically reach an equilibrium surface tension of 28–32 mN/m at 0.1% v/v and produce a contact angle of 45–65° on a paraffin surface, whereas RH-209 reaches 20.5–22.5 mN/m and reduces the contact angle below 30° within 5 s, measured by the sessile-drop method on a Krüss DSA25 at 23 °C. The lower surface tension permits coverage of micro-roughness on waxy leaf cuticles and entry into stomatal antechambers, but it also increases the risk of runoff from smooth leaves when application volume exceeds 400 L/ha. Compared with conventional polyether trisiloxanes that produce foam heights above 15 mL in CIPAC MT 47.3, RH-209 produces 5–10 mL at 1% aqueous dilution because the terminal capping group restricts foam-film elasticity. This is critical in high-shear recirculating sprayers and air-induction nozzle systems, where foam can cause pump cavitation. The product therefore occupies an intermediate position between high-spreading uncapped trisiloxanes and low-spreading alcohol ethoxylates: it retains the rapid wetting of a silicone surfactant while shifting the cloud point to 70 °C in deionized water and to 50 °C in water containing 500 mg/L CaCO₃.
| Parameter | Method | RH-209 at 0.1% v/v | C12–C14 alcohol ethoxylate at 0.1% v/v | Conventional polyether trisiloxane at 0.1% v/v |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equilibrium surface tension | ASTM D1331-14 | 20.5–22.5 mN/m | 28–31 mN/m | 21–23 mN/m |
| Spreading area on paraffin film after 30 s | ASTM E2044-99 | 38–45 cm² | 12–18 cm² | 35–42 cm² |
| Contact angle on paraffin | Sessile-drop goniometer | Below 30° | 45–65° | Below 35° |
| Foam height at 1% after 1 min | CIPAC MT 47.3 | 5–10 mL | 25–40 mL | 15–25 mL |
Values in this table are representative laboratory measurements in deionized water at 25 °C; field water hardness and electrolytes can shift absolute values, and site-specific verification is required.
Foliar uptake response after RH-209 addition is species-dependent. On smooth-leaf broadleaf species, a 0.1% v/v addition to a glyphosate 360 g/L isopropylamine salt formulation has been observed in comparative leaf-wash studies to increase cuticular penetration within 6 h by 15–25% relative to a non-adjuvant control, while simultaneously reducing gross retention because of lower contact angle and higher runoff tendency. On grass weeds with dense epicuticular wax, the same rate can reduce retained dose unless spray volume is lowered to maintain a contact angle below 40° on excised leaf surfaces. Published multi-site field trial data for RH-209 specifically across all crop–chemistry combinations are limited; therefore, the following limits are based on the physical chemistry of the dilution and on manufacturer tank-mix protocols rather than multi-season crop-safety datasets.
For contact fungicides, RH-209 is used at 0.05–0.1% v/v to increase coverage on waxy fruit surfaces without exceeding the point where runoff reduces protective residue uniformity. In air-assisted orchard applications with hollow-cone nozzles at 8–10 bar, a 0.1% v/v addition can lower the volume median diameter from 220 µm to 170–190 µm; drift-control nozzles or pressure reduction may be required to restore Dv50 above 200 µm. For translaminar insecticides, the 0.1% v/v rate improves movement through the cuticle, but use on tomato and cucumber under ultraviolet intensity above 600 W/m² and relative humidity below 40% should be limited to 0.05% v/v because of increased potential for leaf margin desiccation.
At electrolyte concentrations above 10% w/v, the polyether chain of RH-209 undergoes dehydration that lowers its cloud point and can cause phase separation at ambient temperature. Tank mixtures containing ammonium sulfate at 2–5% w/v are acceptable if the product is added after the salt is fully dissolved and the water temperature remains below 30 °C. Jar tests should be performed at 1 hour and 24 hours after mixing because delayed phase separation is not reliably detected by immediate observation. Mixtures with emulsifiable concentrate formulations that contain aromatic hydrocarbon solvents above 20% v/v in the final dilution may require a compatibility agent; published data for RH-209 in these specific configurations is limited. Do not pre-mix RH-209 with undiluted glyphosate potassium salt solutions because localized high ionic strength can produce gel-like aggregates that are not redispersible under normal tank agitation. Calcium chloride and magnesium sulfate should be kept below 8% w/v and 5% w/v respectively, as divalent cations accelerate the salting-out of the polyether chain.
RH-209 contains a siloxane backbone susceptible to hydrolytic rearrangements outside the pH range 5–9. At pH 10, the 24-hour recovery of intact trisiloxane species in a 0.1% aqueous dilution falls below 85% by attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, with the Si–O–Si absorbance at 1050 cm⁻¹ broadening as the primary indicator. Therefore, tank mixtures with acidifying agents below pH 5 or alkalinity sources above pH 9 should be used within 4 hours of preparation. If the water source has a pH above 8.5, it should be buffered to 6.0–7.0 before adding RH-209 to prevent premature degradation of the spreading function. The use of citric acid or phosphoric acid for pH adjustment is preferred over amine-based buffers, which can interact with the silicone surfactant and produce a rise in foam height.
Water quality affects RH-209 more strongly than it affects alcohol ethoxylates. In water containing 500 mg/L CaCO₃ hardness and 200 mg/L sodium bicarbonate, the cloud point shifts from 70 °C to 50 °C; if the spray solution is held overnight in black tanks under solar load, the liquid temperature can exceed 45 °C, close to the phase-separation threshold. The operator should therefore avoid preparing RH-209 tank mixtures more than 6 hours before application when water hardness exceeds 300 mg/L CaCO₃. Hard water above 800 mg/L CaCO₃ should be treated with a water conditioner prior to RH-209 addition; published data for this specific configuration is limited, but the salting-out trend is consistent with the polyether dehydration mechanism.
In ground boom applications, spray quality should be controlled by nozzle selection and pressure, not by increasing RH-209 concentration. Low-drift venturi nozzles producing very coarse droplets above 400 µm volume median diameter can reduce coverage on smooth leaves; adding RH-209 at 0.2% v/v does not compensate for insufficient droplet density below 20 droplets/cm². Air-induction nozzles should be operated at the manufacturer’s minimum pressure for the orifice to maintain the air-filled droplet structure; excessive pressure destroys the air inclusion and increases driftable fines below 150 µm.
On commercial pesticide formulation lines, RH-209 is introduced as a post-formulation tank-side additive rather than a co-formulant. In high-shear mixers equipped with rotor-stator heads, localized temperatures above 40 °C can trigger a temporary viscosity increase and air entrainment; therefore, the addition rate should be controlled to avoid exceeding 60 °C at the mixer surface. During storage in 1000 L intermediate bulk containers, low ambient temperatures below 5 °C may cause a reversible turbidity increase, but the product should be restored to 15–25 °C and gently recirculated for 1 hour before sampling. Batch-to-batch variation in kinematic viscosity is typically less than ±3% relative standard deviation when measured by ASTM D445-21; variation in equilibrium surface tension at 0.1% v/v is typically less than ±1 mN/m.
Tank-mix sequence is critical when RH-209 is combined with dry flowable formulations. Water-soluble bags and dispersible granules should be fully dispersed before RH-209 is added; the silicone surfactant can otherwise reduce water penetration into the granule matrix and slow dispersion. Filling order water, water conditioners, RH-209, pesticide concentrate, drift-control agent is preferred in high-clay water sources. If a drift-control polymer is added after RH-209, it can bind to the polyether chain and reduce spreading; therefore, the drift-control polymer should be added last and the tank should be agitated for at least 10 minutes before application.
In unopened original containers, storage at 5–40 °C and exclusion of direct sunlight maintain specification values for a minimum shelf life of 24 months. The product is not classified as a flammable liquid under GHS based on a flash point above 100 °C by ASTM D93-20. Disposal of spray tank rinsate should follow local agricultural chemical regulations; the siloxane component is not intended for direct release to surface water, and biological treatment facilities should be used where available. The safety data sheet is the controlling document for occupational exposure limits and spill handling.
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