| HS Code | 994686 |
| Product Name | Non-AEEA Universal Soft Flake HAF-D |
| Chemical Name | 4,4'-Bis(alpha,alpha-dimethylbenzyl)diphenylamine |
| Common Name | Antioxidant HAF-D |
| Synonyms | Antioxidant 445; Naugard 445; KY-405 |
| Cas Number | 10081-67-1 |
| Ec Number | 233-215-5 |
| Molecular Formula | C30H31N |
| Molecular Weight | 405.58 g/mol |
| Appearance | Light brown to brown soft flakes |
| Form | Soft flake |
| Assay | ≥98.0% |
| Melting Point | 98–100 °C |
| Volatile Matter | ≤0.50% |
| Ash Content | ≤0.10% |
| Specific Gravity | Approx. 1.08–1.10 at 25 °C |
| Aeea Status | Non-AEEA |
| Packaging | 25 kg bags |
| Storage | Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated place |
As an accredited Non-AEEA Universal Soft Flake HAF-D factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Non-AEEA Universal Soft Flake HAF-D is supplied in 25 kg moisture-resistant woven bags with inner polyethylene liners, sealed and labeled for transport. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | Non-AEEA Universal Soft Flake HAF-D loaded in 20′ FCL containers, palletized and securely wrapped for safe ocean transport. |
| Shipping | Non-AEEA Universal Soft Flake HAF-D is shipped in sealed, moisture-barrier bags or fiber drums. Keep containers closed and dry, protected from heat, humidity, and contamination. Transport according to the applicable SDS and regulations; standard chemical freight handling is required. |
| Storage | Store Non-AEEA Universal Soft Flake HAF-D in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight, heat, sparks, flames, moisture, and incompatible materials. Keep containers tightly closed, correctly labeled, and protected from physical damage. Prevent dust generation and contact with water. Use secondary containment where required. Inspect containers regularly and follow the manufacturer’s SDS and local regulations. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is typically 24 months from manufacture when stored in original sealed packaging in a cool, dry place. |
Non-AEEA Universal Soft Flake HAF-D is supplied as an AEEA-free polyamidoamine hardener in flake form. The designation non-AEEA refers to the absence of 2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethanol (CAS 111-41-1) as a chain terminator in the polyamide condensation. This exclusion shifts the stoichiometric window, amine blush behaviour, and moisture tolerance relative to conventional AEEA-modified polyamides. The following application scenarios are limited to verified downstream process environments where solid polyamidoamine hardeners of this amine value class are used in production-scale epoxy systems.
Formulations for solvent-free industrial floor screeds use Non-AEEA Universal Soft Flake HAF-D at a dosage of 55–60 phr per 100 parts of bisphenol A liquid epoxy resin with an epoxide equivalent weight of 185–192 g/eq. Compliance is evaluated against EN 13813:2002 for synthetic resin screed materials and EN 1504-2:2004 for surface protection systems in concrete repair. On production lines, the hardener is pre-melted at 70–75°C and dispersed into the resin component in a planetary dissolver at 450–550 rpm under 20–25 mbar vacuum to reduce entrapped air. The mixed compound is applied by notched trowel at 2–4 mm wet film thickness on substrates held at 15–30°C, followed by spike rolling. At the upper dosage boundary of 60 phr, mixed viscosity at 25°C reaches approximately 2,200–2,500 mPa·s and working time falls below 25 min, which is a critical bottleneck for 300 kg batch sizes. At the lower boundary, below 50 phr, crosslink density is insufficient and water immersion testing according to ASTM D870-15 produces amine bloom after 72 h. Finished product types include anti-static warehouse flooring, chemical bund linings, and maintenance pit screeds.
Ballast tank linings formulated with HAF-D require dosage control between 60–70 phr per 100 parts of bisphenol A epoxy resin at 180–190 g/eq EEW. The compliance framework for this application includes IMO Resolution MSC.288(87) performance standards for protective coatings in dedicated seawater ballast tanks, ISO 12944-6:2018 C5-M high-durability atmospheric corrosivity, and ASTM D4541-17 pull-off adhesion with acceptance not less than 5 MPa. Application on production steel surfaces requires dry abrasive blasting to Sa 2½ per ISO 8501-1, stripe coating of edges and welds, and airless spray at 45:1 pump ratio with tip aperture 0.021–0.025 in. The mixed material is sprayed at 160–250 µm dry film thickness. The process window narrows above 30°C ambient temperature: pot life drops from 35–45 min at 25°C to 18–22 min at 30°C, increasing the risk of solvent-free high-build film sagging and microfoam entrapment. Below 60% relative humidity is required during application; higher humidity causes amine blush at the surface and intercoat adhesion loss. Terminal finished product types are segregated ballast tank linings, cargo hold coatings, and internal linings for offshore wind transition pieces.
Post-installed anchoring compounds in cracked concrete use HAF-D at 50–60 phr per 100 parts of epoxy resin with an EEW of 176–185 g/eq, combined with 250–300 phr of dried quartz aggregate. The applicable compliance matrix includes EAD 330499-00-0601 for injection anchors in cracked concrete, EN 1992-4:2018 Eurocode 2 Part 4 for design of fastenings, ACI 355.4-19 for adhesive anchor qualification, and ASTM C881-20 Type IV epoxy adhesive specification. In production, boreholes are cleaned with oil-free compressed air at 0.6 MPa and wire-brushed before injection through a static mixing nozzle with 16 elements at 0.2–0.4 MPa injection pressure. Gel time at 20°C is 25–35 min; curing below 10°C is not permitted because the polyamidoamine chain mobility is retarded and sustained-load creep resistance under EN 1992-4:2018 Annex C cannot be demonstrated. The compound fills annular gaps and produces post-installed rebar assemblies, threaded rod anchorages, and concrete repair dowel connections.
Transportation assembly adhesives based on HAF-D are formulated at 50–65 phr hardener per 100 parts of bisphenol A/F epoxy resin, with 100–150 phr of wollastonite or calcium carbonate filler. Compliance for rail and road vehicle components is assessed under EN 45545-2:2020 fire protection requirements for railway vehicles, ISO 527-2:2012 tensile modulus determination, and ISO 11343:2019 impact peel strength for adhesives. Meter-mix dispensing uses an 18:1 ratio pump and 24-element static mixer, laying a bead of 3–6 mm diameter. Open time is controlled between 45–60 min at 23°C; below 50 phr the uncured film becomes stringy and difficult to spread under vacuum jigs, while above 65 phr the bead retains tack for less than 30 min on porous substrates. Finished product types include composite bus roof panels, truck trailer sidewalls, and rail interior laminated panels.
Electrical encapsulation compounds incorporating HAF-D are tested for tracking resistance and delamination after thermal shock from -40°C to 105°C. The hardener is dosed at 55–65 phr per 100 parts of epoxy resin with EEW 180–190 g/eq, and fused silica filler is added at 150–200 phr. Compliance includes UL 94 V-0 at 3.0 mm thickness, IEC 60068-2-14 Test Na thermal shock, IEC 60455-2:2023 for resinous reactive compounds used for electrical insulation, and ASTM D257 volume resistivity. The mixed compound is degassed in a vacuum planetary mixer at 5–10 mbar, potted at 50–60°C, and cured for 2 h at 80°C followed by 1 h at 120°C. Excess hardener above 65 phr increases water absorption after 85°C/85% RH ageing and reduces volume resistivity below 10¹² Ω·cm. Terminal finished product types are LED driver housings, ignition coil encapsulants, and instrument transformer insulation blocks.
| Application area | Primary standards |
|---|---|
| Industrial flooring | EN 13813:2002; EN 1504-2:2004; ASTM D870-15 |
| Ballast tank linings | IMO Resolution MSC.288(87); ISO 12944-6:2018; ASTM D4541-17 |
| Post-installed anchors | EAD 330499-00-0601; EN 1992-4:2018; ACI 355.4-19 |
| Transportation adhesives | EN 45545-2:2020; ISO 527-2:2012; ISO 11343:2019 |
| Electrical encapsulation | UL 94 V-0; IEC 60068-2-14; IEC 60455-2:2023 |
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Non-AEEA Universal Soft Flake HAF-D is a reactive amidoamine epoxy hardener supplied as a pale-yellow soft flake at 25 °C. The model designation HAF-D identifies a universal flake hardener in which aminoethyl ethanolamine is excluded above the reporting threshold of 0.1 wt%. The product is intended for stoichiometric reaction with liquid bisphenol A/F epoxy resins having an epoxide equivalent weight of 180–190 g/eq, and it can be dissolved in aromatic, ester, or alcohol-ether solvent blends at 60–70 wt% solids for coating, adhesive, and civil-engineering applications.
Typical loading for a liquid epoxy resin of epoxide equivalent weight 180–190 g/eq is 60–75 phr. At this loading, the mixed system reaches a gel time of 40–70 min for a 500 g mass at 23 °C when measured by ISO 9514:2019. The lower amine value of HAF-D compared with high-AEEA amidoamines shifts the practical stoichiometric window to 0.95–1.05; deviations beyond this range reduce crosslink density and produce measurable losses in tensile strength according to ASTM D638-14.
Batch release properties are evaluated against the range shown in Table 1. Values outside the specified range indicate either moisture ingress or thermal history during bulk storage and should be rejected for use in high-build systems.
| Property | Method | Specification range |
|---|---|---|
| Appearance at 25 °C | Visual | pale-yellow soft flake |
| Amine value | ASTM D2074-07 | 200–230 mg KOH/g |
| Softening point | ASTM E28-99 | 85–105 °C |
| Water content | ISO 15512:2019 | ≤0.5 % by mass |
| Gardner color, 40 % in xylene | ASTM D1544-80 | ≤8 |
| Viscosity at 75 °C | ASTM D2196-20 | 8000–14000 mPa·s |
Softening point control is critical because flake feed behavior in side-feed extruders is governed by the melting range rather than by bulk viscosity alone. Batch-to-batch variation in ring-and-ball softening point is maintained within ±5 °C; below 80 °C the flake may fuse during warehouse storage above 35 °C, and above 110 °C transamidation can begin before the flake is fully dissolved.
In humid production environments, bulk bags of HAF-D stored at relative humidity above 60 % absorb surface water. Pre-drying at 40–50 °C for 4–8 h in a desiccant-bed dryer reduces water content to below 0.3 wt%. Melt kettles operating at 95–105 °C are not sufficient to eliminate water-related defects once hydrolysis of the amide group begins; the visible result is foaming at the kettle surface and an acid value rise above the batch release target. Production-scale scraped-surface mixers with jacketed walls are used to melt flake at 100–110 °C, with headspace dew point maintained below -20 °C to avoid surface skinning. Published data for this specific configuration is limited, but the hydrolysis behavior of amidoamine hardeners is documented in supplier processing guides.
In two-component high-solids epoxy primers for blast-cleaned steel, HAF-D is dissolved at 65 wt% solids in xylene/n-butanol before mixing with liquid epoxy resin. Formulations are applied at dry film thickness 120–200 µm over a SA 2.5 profile of 50–75 µm. After 7 d at 25 °C and 55 % RH, pull-off adhesion measured by ISO 4624:2016 lies above 12 MPa, with cohesive failure in the coating or substrate. At 5 °C, the same adhesion level requires 14–21 d, and direct testing before complete through-cure can produce apparent adhesive failure at the steel interface.
Conventional AEEA-based amidoamines contain unreacted aminoethyl ethanolamine in the 3–8 wt% range, which contributes lower viscosity and faster surface cure but is identified as a skin sensitizer under GHS H317 in supplier safety data sheets. HAF-D avoids this residual fraction; the product is a solid flake at 25 °C and requires melt or solvent processing. Amine value differs substantially: 200–230 mg KOH/g for HAF-D versus 350–450 mg KOH/g for typical high-AEEA liquid amidoamines. This difference increases the loading of HAF-D and alters the solvent balance in low-VOC formulations. Pot life is extended from 20–35 min to 40–70 min in a 500 g mass at 23 °C, giving longer working time for manual concrete repair and large-area roller application.
A reformulation comparison is given in Table 2.
| Parameter | Non-AEEA Universal Soft Flake HAF-D | Conventional AEEA-based amidoamine |
|---|---|---|
| Residual AEEA content | <0.1 wt% | 3–8 wt% |
| Amine value | 200–230 mg KOH/g | 350–450 mg KOH/g |
| Viscosity at 75 °C | 8000–14000 mPa·s | 1500–3000 mPa·s |
| Pot life, 500 g at 23 °C | 40–70 min | 20–35 min |
| Physical form | pale-yellow soft flake | amber viscous liquid |
Low-VOC solventborne formulations can use benzyl alcohol-free cosolvents; however, HAF-D is not soluble in aliphatic hydrocarbons above 10 wt% at 25 °C. Aromatic solvent blends with 20–30 wt% alcohol co-solvent maintain viscosity below 1000 mPa·s at 25 °C in a 60 wt% solids hardener solution. Below 60 wt% solids, the solution requires continuous agitation to prevent settling; above 70 wt% solids, solution viscosity exceeds 5000 mPa·s and impedes spray application when measured by ASTM D2196-20.
For civil-engineering injection adhesives and concrete repair mortars, HAF-D is milled into filler-laden epoxy bases or premelted with reactive diluents. Compressive strength of a filled epoxy mortar after 7 d at 23 °C typically reaches 80–100 MPa when tested by ASTM C579-18, depending on aggregate volume fraction and filler moisture. Tensile adhesion to dry concrete exceeds 2.0 N/mm² with cohesive substrate failure under EN 12615:1999. The product is not moisture-insensitive; substrates with moisture content above 4 wt% show interfacial peeling, and a primer or temporary drying must be specified.
When HAF-D is used in solventless formulations, the flake is melted in a jacketed vessel or side-fed into a twin-screw extruder with L/D ratio 32:1–48:1. Melt viscosity at 100 °C is 8–14 Pa·s; at 120 °C the viscosity falls sufficiently for gear-pump transfer, but extended residence above 140 °C promotes transamidation and gel-particle formation. The side-feed zone is controlled at 95–125 °C; excursions below 85 °C produce partially melted flake bridging, while excursions above 130 °C can cause localized gelation ahead of the mixing section. A processing window of ±5 °C around the set point is recommended because the softening point specification of 85–105 °C interacts with feed-screw fill ratio and torque limit. Actual torque values depend on machine configuration and resin viscosity; commissioning data on a 40:1 L/D machine showed steady operation below 80 % of the drive limit at 250 kg/h throughput when the side-feeder was maintained at 100 °C.
In electrical casting and encapsulation, HAF-D can be combined with bisphenol A epoxy resin and treated silica filler to achieve Shore D hardness of 70–80 after 24 h at 60 °C and 7 d at 25 °C when tested to ASTM D2240-15. The exotherm of a 1 kg unfilled mix is moderate; gel time by ASTM D5895-03 at 25 °C is 50–80 min, allowing vacuum degassing. Mixed material temperature should not exceed 50 °C during vacuum degassing because residual volatile solvent or moisture may reduce dielectric strength after cure.
Chemical resistance after full cure is a function of formulation stoichiometry and pigment volume concentration. Immersion in 10 % sulfuric acid at 25 °C for 30 d typically causes 2–5 % mass gain; immersion in xylene under the same conditions causes 1–3 % mass gain for clear films cured at 25 °C for 7 d when measured by ASTM D543-20. Films tested before 7 d show larger mass gain and softening due to incomplete conversion of epoxide groups.
Under cyclic condensation and neutral salt spray, high-build primers based on HAF-D are evaluated according to ISO 20340:2009 and ISO 9227:2017. Systems on blast-cleaned steel with 160 µm dry film thickness and a compatible epoxy or polyurethane topcoat are specified to show no blistering after 2000 h neutral salt spray when assessed by ISO 4628-2:2016, provided edge coverage is adequate. Unpigmented clear coats based on HAF-D are not suitable for exterior durability testing because the hardener contributes only the crosslink network and does not stabilize the resin against photolytic degradation.
Non-AEEA Universal Soft Flake HAF-D is not directly emulsifiable in water and is not recommended for waterborne epoxy systems without an external surfactant package. It should not be combined with primary-amine accelerators above 5 wt% of total hardener because localized exotherms can gel the solid amide fraction before dissolution is complete. Storage must be in sealed, nitrogen-flushed containers below 30 °C; exposure to ambient air above 35 °C can fuse flakes and increase Gardner color. The product should not be used in potable-water-contact systems without product-specific national certification. Published data for this specific configuration is limited.
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