| HS Code | 980721 |
| Product Name | Fixing Agent Special for Emerald Blue RH-NB-2011 |
| Product Category | Textile fixing agent |
| Physical Form | Liquid |
| Appearance | Light yellow to yellowish-brown transparent liquid |
| Ionic Nature | Cationic |
| Ph Value 1 Aqueous Solution | 3.0-6.0 |
| Solid Content | 20% ± 1% |
| Solubility | Soluble in water |
| Density At 20 C | 1.00-1.10 g/cm³ |
| Viscosity At 25 C | ≤100 mPa·s |
| Storage Conditions | Store in a cool, dry, ventilated place, avoid direct sunlight and freezing |
| Shelf Life | 12 months in unopened original packaging |
| Recommended Application | Fixing treatment of reactive dyes, especially emerald blue shades |
| Compatibility | Compatible with nonionic and cationic textile auxiliaries; avoid mixing with anionic substances |
| Packaging | Plastic drum or IBC container |
As an accredited Fixing Agent Special for Emerald Blue RH-NB-2011 factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Fixing Agent Special for Emerald Blue RH-NB-2011 is supplied in 25 kg sealed plastic drums with inner liner. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | RH-NB-2011 Fixing Agent Special for Emerald Blue is loaded in a sealed 20′ FCL container for safe ocean shipment. |
| Shipping | Ships in securely sealed chemical drums or IBC totes with proper labels and SDS. Store and transport in a cool, dry, ventilated area away from sunlight, heat, and incompatible materials. Keep containers closed; avoid spills, freezing, and moisture. Follow local transport regulations and use appropriate PPE. |
| Storage | Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight, heat, and ignition sources. Keep containers tightly closed, properly labeled, and upright to prevent leakage. Protect from freezing and contamination. Segregate from incompatible chemicals such as acids and oxidizers. Follow the SDS and local regulations; use secondary containment where required. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is typically 12 months when stored unopened in a cool, dry, well-ventilated place, protected from direct sunlight. |
After soaping and hot rinsing of C.I. Reactive Blue 21 dyeings on cotton interlock, the exhausted dyebath is dropped and a fresh bath is prepared at a liquor ratio of 1:8–1:12 in a softflow overflow dyeing machine. Fixing Agent Special for Emerald Blue RH-NB-2011 is dosed into the drop tank at 1.0%–3.0% owf; pale emerald blue depths below 0.5% dye require the lower limit, while combined navy-emerald shades above 4.0% dye use the upper limit. The bath pH is adjusted with acetic acid 60% to pH 5.0–5.5 before product addition. If pH drifts above 6.0, adsorption of the quaternary ammonium polymer onto the sulfonate groups of unfixed reactive dye becomes irregular, and treated fabric can exhibit lower wet fastness in side-center-side testing. Circulation continues for 20–30 min at 40–50°C. Overdosing above 4.0% owf causes a visually detectable red-shift on the copper phthalocyanine chromophore and increases the bending rigidity of interlock knits, measured as greater twist recovery after 24 h. Residual cationic polymer in the exhausted bath precipitates with anionic softeners if a final softener is applied in the same bath without rinsing. The standard procedure includes a cold rinse of 10 min before nonionic softener addition. Production-scale softflow machines with rope speeds above 250 m/min show more uniform crock fastness improvement when the product is metered gradually into the circulation line rather than added as a single shot through the side tank. The treated material is typically tested against ISO 105-C06:2010 A2S for home laundering and AATCC 61-2013 2A for North American retail protocols. Terminal products include children’s interlock sleepwear, athletic collars, and export knitwear where Oeko-Tex Standard 100 Class II limits apply.
Cold pad batch aftertreatment is performed on a two-bowl horizontal padder with a pick-up of 70–80% after the reactive dye has been fixed and soaped. A padding liquor of 10–20 g/L Fixing Agent Special for Emerald Blue RH-NB-2011 is adjusted to pH 5.0–5.5 with acetic acid, and the fabric is batched on an A-frame for 2–6 h at room temperature. Below pH 4.5, the acidified padding liquor can tender cellulosics, particularly in the presence of trace metals from unbuffered water. Above pH 6.0, cationic product exhausts poorly onto anionic dye sites, and post-wash fastness improvement falls below the minimum acceptable delta. The main process conflict is residual alkaline buffer from soap-off. If fabric pH after soaping is above 7.0, the acetate buffer is consumed and the final bath pH rises after 300–500 metres of production, requiring inline pH correction. A surface pH measurement is taken at entry to the pad trough. If fabric pH exceeds 7.5, the liquor is replenished with acetic acid at 0.5–1.0 g/L increments. Dwell time below 2 h gives insufficient film formation, while storage beyond 8 h at acidic pH can initiate cellulose hydrolysis and reduce tear strength. The final article is tested under ISO 105-C06:2010 C2S and ISO 105-X12:2016; warm wet crock values are the more sensitive indicator for cold batch emerald blue goods. End products include shirting and dress-weight woven cotton for markets requiring saturated emerald blue shades with limited washing fastness complaints after ten home launderings.
In continuous pad-dry-pad-steam ranges processing 100% cotton poplin and twill, the fixing agent is applied as a final pad liquor after washing and drying, using a vertical padder at 65–75% expression. The bath is prepared with 5–15 g/L RH-NB-2011 and adjusted to pH 5.0–6.0; no additional catalyst is required. The web is dried over cylinder cans with surface temperature not exceeding 110°C. At temperatures above 140°C, amine-containing fixing films can yellow the ground shade and shift the emerald blue toward a duller green-blue. For deep shades requiring wet crock fastness of ISO 105-X12:2016 wet rating 2–3 or better, a two-stage application is used: the first pad applies 5 g/L, and the second pad after an intermediate cylinder pass applies 5–10 g/L. Split application avoids the thick film defect seen when a single bath exceeds 20 g/L. The continuous process is sensitive to liquor carry-over from the final rinse box. Anionic detergent residues above 0.05 g/L produce flocculation in the pad trough, visible as white precipitate on pad rollers. Final goods are tested under ISO 105-C06:2010 A2S for domestic washing and AATCC 8-2013 for crock fastness. End products include emerald blue uniform shirting, workwear, and school garment cloth exported to the European Union and the Andes region.
| Segment | Machine type | Dosage | pH | Temperature/time | Critical boundary |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exhaustion knits | Softflow overflow | 1.0–3.0% owf | 5.0–5.5 | 40–50°C / 20–30 min | Overdose above 4.0% owf red-shifts emerald blue |
| Cold pad batch | Two-bowl horizontal padder | 10–20 g/L | 5.0–5.5 | 20–25°C / 2–6 h | pH below 4.5 risks cellulose tendering |
| Continuous pad-dry | Vertical padder, cylinder can | 5–15 g/L | 5.0–6.0 | Drying below 110°C | Drying above 140°C yellowing |
| Package yarn | Radial flow package dyeing machine | 1.0–2.0% owf | 5.0–5.5 | 45°C / 20 min | Differential pressure above 1.5 bar destabilises film |
| Garment aftertreatment | Rotary washing machine | 2.0–3.0% owf | 5.0–5.5 | 50°C / 15–20 min | Liquor ratio below 1:6 causes uneven deposition |
Package dyeing of emerald blue cotton and viscose yarns in radial flow machines requires a lower dosage of 1.0%–2.0% owf because the pack density of soft and hard cheese formats alters liquor exchange. The treatment is run at pH 5.0–5.5 and 45°C for 20 min with flow reversal every 2 min. Differential pressure across the package is maintained between 0.8–1.2 bar; above 1.5 bar, high shear in the yarn interstices can destabilise the exhausted polymer film and redistribute it toward the inner package layers, causing a measurable crock fastness difference of one grade between outer and inner yarn. Below 0.5 bar, penetration into the cheese is incomplete and the inner layers remain underfixed. After the fixation bath is dropped, the yarn is rinsed cold for 10 min; no acid sour is required. Overdosing beyond 2.0% owf on viscose package yarn leads to a harsh hand and reduces winding speed by increasing yarn-to-yarn friction. For finished yarn intended for circular knitting, a nonionic antistatic agent is applied after fixation. Published data for the exact crock fastness delta on high-density viscose cheese is limited; the pressure limits are maintained from dyehouse correlation trials rather than a single international test method. Test protocols include ISO 105-C06:2010 B2S for multi-fibre adjacent staining and ISO 105-X12:2016 for dry and wet crock on knitted sleeves. End products include emerald blue socks, sweater bodies, and mercerised cotton yarn for woven labels, where enamel-like brilliance is required after garment laundering.
Because garment aftertreatment in rotary washing machines introduces shear and seam abrasion effects absent in piece dyeing, Fixing Agent Special for Emerald Blue RH-NB-2011 is applied at 2.0%–3.0% owf in a fresh bath at pH 5.0–5.5 and 50°C for 15–20 min. The bath volume is kept at 1:8–1:10; lower ratios below 1:6 cause foam and uneven distribution on garment panels. Because garment seams and folded areas retain higher amounts of cationic film, final crock fastness is tested on seam and non-seam zones separately. Differences above half a grade indicate an overloaded bath. Sequestering agents and anionic leveling agents remaining from garment dyeing must be removed by a hot drain and one cold rinse before fixation. After treatment, the garment is extracted and tumble-dried at 70–80°C for 30–40 min. The product is not combined with cationic softeners unless tiered addition is used; simultaneous addition flocculates and produces white deposits in pockets and plackets. Final goods are assessed under AATCC 61-2013 2A and ASTM D4157-13 for abrasion of twill constructions. End products include garment-dyed emerald blue trousers, hooded pullovers, and medical scrub tops for institutional laundering at 75°C.
Reactive prints of emerald blue on cotton sheeting are more demanding because the thick film of unfixed dye and residual alginate thickener interferes with cationic film formation. After the last open-width soaping compartment, the fabric is padded with 5–10 g/L RH-NB-2011 at pH 5.0–5.5, squeezed to 70% wet pick-up, and dried in a hot flue at 100–110°C. Residual thickener above 0.1 g/L in the pad bath, measured as COD, forms a turbid dispersion with the cationic polymer and reduces film integrity. The soaping range must therefore include at least four counter-current compartments at 95°C before the fixer pad. The printed ground is tested under ISO 105-X12:2016 wet crock and ISO 105-C06:2010 A2S. The edge of the print is the failure point if the pad bath contains excess anionic defoamer. On rotary-screen printed goods, the dosage is kept at the lower end, 5–7 g/L, to avoid build-up on dryer cans that later transfers to unprinted areas. End products include wax-print cotton for West and Central African markets, bed linen with emerald blue floral grounds, and table linen where hot detergent washing is routine.
| Standard | Parameter | Application area |
|---|---|---|
| ISO 105-C06:2010 | Domestic and commercial laundering | Batch, pad-batch, continuous, garment |
| ISO 105-X12:2016 | Dry and wet crock fastness | Woven, printed, package yarn |
| AATCC 61-2013 | Accelerated home laundering | North American garment and knit protocols |
| AATCC 8-2013 | Crock fastness | Continuous poplin and twill |
| ISO 14184-1:2011 | Free formaldehyde release | Regenerated cellulosic lyocell/modal articles |
| Oeko-Tex Standard 100 | Consumer article conformity | Children’s sleepwear and export knitwear |
| ZDHC MRSL | Chemical input conformance | EU brand chemical documentation |
Regenerated cellulosic fabrics dyed with emerald blue reactive dyes have higher apparent depth loss after cationic aftertreatment because the fibrillated surface holds more quaternary ammonium film and alters light reflectance. For lyocell twill and modal jersey, the recommended dosage is 0.5%–1.5% owf, one-half the cotton dose, applied at pH 5.0–5.5 and 40°C for 20 min. Overdosing above 1.5% owf produces a stiff, paper-like handle on peach-finished lyocell and suppresses the characteristic drape. The bath is buffered with sodium acetate at 0.3–0.5 g/L to avoid pH drop below 4.5, which is particularly damaging to fibrillated microfibre surfaces. After fixation, a nonionic lubricant is applied to restore surface slip; anionic lubricants are incompatible. Compliance testing includes ISO 14184-1:2011 for free formaldehyde to confirm the product is below 20 mg/kg on the finished article, and ISO 105-C06:2010 C2S for repeated domestic washing. End products include lyocell blouses, modal underwear, and high-end apparel fabrics sold to European Union brands requiring ZDHC MRSL conformance documentation for chemical inputs.
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Fixing Agent Special for Emerald Blue RH-NB-2011 is a cationic polymeric post-treatment auxiliary formulated for cellulosic fabrics dyed with emerald blue reactive chromophores. The product is added after the alkaline fixation and soaping stages of reactive dyeing. It reduces migration and extraction of hydrolyzed reactive dye during subsequent wet processing or consumer laundering. Because emerald blue reactive dyeings often exhibit lower wet fastness than monoazo or anthraquinone reactive dyeings on cellulosic substrates, the auxiliary is specified where compliance with ISO 105-C06:2010, ISO 105-E01:2013, and AATCC TM61-2013 is required. The product is a finishing auxiliary, not a dye, and its effect depends on residual sulfonate groups on the fiber.
Full technical data for RH-NB-2011 should be cross-checked against the custom manufacturer’s batch certificate. Where the certificate is not available, acceptance testing is performed using the control matrix in Table 1. The listed values are control targets, not batch certificate values, and should be calibrated against the exact reactive dyeing sequence.
| Control parameter | Acceptance target | Test method |
|---|---|---|
| Appearance | No visible phase separation after 24 h at 20 °C | Visual inspection |
| pH of 5% aqueous solution | 5.0–7.0 | ISO 4316:1977 |
| Density at 20 °C | 1.05–1.15 g/cm³ | ISO 2811-1:2016 |
| Brookfield viscosity at 25 °C, spindle LV2, 60 rpm | 50–500 mPa·s | ISO 2555:2018 |
| Nonvolatile content, 2 g, 105 °C, 2 h | 30%–40% | ISO 3251:2019 |
| Water dilutability, 1:10 at 20 °C | Homogeneous dispersion without gel particles | Internal method |
The phthalocyanine chromophore in many emerald blue reactive dyes has a planar, high-molecular-mass structure that promotes aggregation and substantivity to cotton. Incompletely fixed dye is not fully removed by standard soaping. Hydrolyzed reactive dye carries sulfonic acid groups that remain water-soluble and can redeposit on unstained fibre during washing. The fixing agent forms a low-solubility complex with these residual sulfonate groups. The result is a reduction in wash-down and cross-staining under ISO 105-C06:2010 test condition C2S.
Without the fixing agent, deep emerald blue shades can lose more than 1.0 grade in shade change and exhibit staining of adjacent cotton and nylon multifibre components after multiple wash cycles. This is particularly evident on mercerized cotton with high accessible surface area. The aftertreatment is therefore positioned before final drying, after reactive dye soaping and neutralization. Fixing before complete soaping may precipitate unfixed dye inside the yarn and create surface bronzing. The operational window is narrow because residual reactive dye, residual alkali, and anionic detergent carryover can interfere with cationic fixation.
RH-NB-2011 functions by electrostatic interaction between quaternary ammonium groups on the polymer and sulfonate groups on hydrolyzed reactive dye. The high charge density of the fixing agent allows complex formation at low add-on. Film-forming segments of the polymer then encapsulate the dye complex and impede diffusion during wet contact. The molecular weight distribution should be controlled within a limited range: excessively high molecular weight can create handle stiffening and crease marks in rope processing, while excessively low molecular weight may not provide sufficient wash fastness. Charge density can be measured by colloidal titration with 0.001 mol/L potassium polyvinyl sulfate using a particle charge detector. The molar ratio of cationic quaternary ammonium groups to sulfonate groups is not fixed at stoichiometric equivalence; excess cationic charge can lead to bath solids deposition and shade dulling.
Diffusion control is not solely a function of ionic complexation. The film-forming segment of the polymer must wet the cellulosic fibre surface and remain intact during wet contact. Swelling of the film in water can create microchannels through which unfixed dye diffuses. The ratio of film thickness to dye deposit affects wet fastness. A fixation layer that is too thick may alter fabric handle; a layer that is too thin may fail under ISO 105-C06:2010 because the polymer film dissolves during prolonged agitation. The product’s intended use is therefore not as a handle modifier but as a barrier-forming retention agent.
In exhaust fixation on cotton jersey with fabric weight 180 g/m², the recommended class-typical dosage is 1%–3% on weight of fabric, applied at 40 °C for 20 min at a liquor ratio of 1:8–1:15. The bath should be set to pH 4.5–5.5 with acetic acid before adding RH-NB-2011. Residual alkali from reactive dyeing should be neutralized; pH drift above 6.0 reduces uptake of the cationic polymer onto the fiber. In production-scale overflow jet equipment, the addition should be made after cooling below 50 °C to reduce foam formation and shear-induced precipitation. Published data for this specific configuration is limited; the cited processing window is derived from class-typical behavior for cationic fixing agents and should be confirmed by a laboratory exhaustion curve.
On high-temperature overflow machines with circulation rates above 1,200 L/min, high-shear exposure across the nozzle can reduce apparent viscosity of cationic polymer dispersions and generate foam. A nonionic antifoam may be required, but its compatibility must be confirmed because silicone antifoam emulsions can separate and deposit on fabric. The product is not recommended for application in pad batch processes with anionic wetting agents. Immediately after the final soaping stage, the fabric should be cooled to below 50 °C and the bath should be drained. Residual soaping detergent should be rinsed; anionic detergent carryover can compete with the fixing agent and reduce bath exhaustion. RH-NB-2011 is prediluted in cold water at a ratio of 1:5 before dosing to avoid localized precipitation. If the exhaust liquor remains turbid after 10 min, the pH should be rechecked and the bath temperature lowered.
Continuous application requires a different dosage and drying profile. The fixing agent can be applied at 10–30 g/L in a pad trough with wet pickup controlled to 65%–80%. Drying should be performed in the first zone at 100–120 °C and curing at 130–150 °C for 60–120 s. If residual moisture exceeds 25% entering the curing chamber, film splitting may occur and the polymer may not form a continuous barrier. On a horizontal two-roll padder with line speed of 30–40 m/min, foam formation increases when the bath temperature exceeds 45 °C. Defoamer selection must be nonionic or weakly cationic; anionic defoamers can precipitate the cationic fixing agent and generate deposits on padder rolls.
Predrying on cylinder dryers should avoid contact temperatures above 120 °C. High early temperature can cause migration of the cationic fixative to the fabric surface before film consolidation. Stenter drying with impingement airflow is preferred because it limits two-sided drying differences. Differential overfeed should be set to 0%–2% for open-width knits to prevent edge curling. If the fabric is subsequently compacted, the fixative film must withstand compressive shrinkage; the film-forming portion should be fully cured before compaction. Deposit formation in padder troughs and on guide rollers is a known failure mode of cationic fixing agents. Production lines should use scray-free accumulation zones and minimize dwell time in the pad trough. Cleanup with hot water at 60 °C and a nonionic detergent is usually sufficient if performed before the deposit dries.
In padding of ready-for-softening fabrics, RH-NB-2011 must not be mixed with anionic softeners, anionic wetting agents, or sulfonate-based optical brighteners. Cationic–anionic coacervation produces filter-clogging precipitates and uneven handle. If a softener is required, a subsequent drying step or a nonionic microemulsion should be used. Bath stability should be checked by measuring turbidity after 30 min at working concentration. Turbidity increase above 10 NTU indicates early incompatibility. The product should be stored at 5–35 °C, protected from shear and repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Avoid contact with strong oxidizers and anionic polymers.
Cationic fixing agents in the dicyandiamide-formaldehyde or dimethylol cyclic urea class can release formaldehyde during storage and curing. In contrast, RH-NB-2011 is positioned as a low-formaldehyde fixing agent when tested by ISO 14184-1:2011. However, low formaldehyde content alone does not establish fitness for use. The specific failure mode of emerald blue dyeings is often wet rub and multiple-cycle wash staining rather than formaldehyde exposure. Polyamine fixatives may improve wash fastness but can cause yellowing and lower light fastness due to amine oxidation. Quaternary ammonium polymer fixatives tend to show less shade change on thermomigration, but may still affect light fastness by 0.5–1.0 grade under ISO 105-B02:2014 for deep phthalocyanine shades. The operational boundary for RH-NB-2011 is therefore not universal; it is limited to post-soaped reactive dyeings where residual anionic surface charge is available for complexation.
Compared with conventional dicyandiamide-formaldehyde fixatives, the main practical difference is a lower tendency to evolve free formaldehyde under curing. Compared with low-molecular-weight polyamine fixatives, the product class provides higher film integrity and better wash fastness but requires strict pH control. Compared with direct cationic surfactants, it has a higher molecular weight and lower foam profile. Published data for this specific formulation is limited; therefore, side-by-side pilot trials under ISO 105-C06:2010 and ISO 105-X12:2016 are required before bulk substitution. The main operational difference is not simply the absence of formaldehyde. Low molecular weight polyamine fixatives often exhaust rapidly but have limited film formation, leading to insufficient wash fastness after 10 cycles. Dicyandiamide-formaldehyde resins can improve wash fastness through covalent network formation but require curing and can crosslink cotton, reducing tear strength. Cationic polyacrylate dispersions can provide film formation but may affect rub fastness differently. RH-NB-2011 is therefore selected when the failure mode is wet washing with simultaneous cross-staining rather than wet rub alone.
At a vertical knit dyehouse with high-temperature overflow machines, batch-to-batch variance in residual hydrolyzed dye is often higher for emerald blue shades than for navy or black reactive dyeings. A fixative dosing strategy based only on fabric weight can therefore under-dose when soaping discharge is optically clear but residual sulfonate load remains high. Dyehouse management of RH-NB-2011 should include a weekly calibration of wash-fastness improvement at 1%, 2%, and 3% add-on on the actual substrate lot. The calibration data should be plotted against residual dye concentration in the final soaping bath, measured by spectrophotometric absorbance at the lambda-max of the emerald blue chromophore.
For EU and US import compliance, the finished textile must be tested by the brand’s restricted substance list. The fixative alone does not guarantee compliance. The most relevant test methods are ISO 14184-1:2011 for formaldehyde, EN ISO 18218-1:2015 for extractable alkylphenol ethoxylates, and ISO 3071:2020 for aqueous extract pH. The product should be included in the mill’s chemical inventory with CAS numbers for all constituents above 0.1%. Compliance with Oeko-Tex Standard 100 requires verification of formaldehyde, APEO, and arylamine release on the finished fabric. RH-NB-2011 itself should be accompanied by a REACH safety data sheet and, if applicable, a ZDHC certification for chemical input. REACH Annex XVII entry 46a restrictions on nonylphenol ethoxylates should be checked when the finished article is supplied to the European Economic Area.
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